Erhu Musical Instrument Facts

Erhu Instrument Summary

The Erhu is a traditional Chinese string instrument known for its expressive and melancholic sound. Often referred to as the Chinese violin, it has two strings and is played with a bow. The erhu is a key instrument in Chinese classical and folk music, admired for its ability to convey deep emotions.

Detailed Instrument Description

Instrument Name	Erhu
Instrument Family	String
Alternative Names	The erhu is sometimes called the “Chinese violin” or “Chinese two-string fiddle.” In Chinese, it is also referred to as “胡琴” (húqín).
Geographical Presence	The erhu is primarily played in China, where it is a staple in both traditional and contemporary music. It is also used in other East Asian countries, and its popularity has spread globally, with performances in Chinese orchestras and world music ensembles.
Instrument Classification	The erhu falls under the Hornbostel-Sachs classification system as 321.321, identifying it as a bowed-lute chordophone. This system classifies musical instruments based on how they produce sound, with the erhu classified as a chordophone where sound is produced by vibrating strings.
Unique Features	The erhu is known for its two-string setup and a small, resonant body covered with python skin on the front. It has a long neck without a fingerboard, and the bow is permanently threaded between the two strings. The instrument’s design allows for a wide range of pitch and expressive techniques, including slides and vibrato.
Sound Characteristics	The erhu produces a warm, mellow, and somewhat nasal sound that is highly expressive. Its tone can range from soft and haunting to bright and penetrating, making it suitable for conveying a wide range of emotions. The instrument is known for its ability to produce smooth, lyrical melodies and intricate, fast-paced passages.
Typical Music Genres	The erhu is used in traditional Chinese music, including classical, folk, and opera. It is also featured in contemporary music genres, such as Chinese pop and fusion, and is a key instrument in Chinese orchestras and ensembles.
Components	Body (soundbox), Neck, Tuning Pegs, Strings, Bow, Python Skin, Bridge
Construction	The erhu typically has a wooden body made from hardwood such as rosewood or sandalwood. The front of the soundbox is covered with python skin, which contributes to its distinctive sound. The neck is long and slender, with tuning pegs at the top. The strings are made of metal or silk, and the bow is made of horsehair.
Size and Weight	The erhu generally measures around 81 centimeters (32 inches) in length. The weight can vary between 0.5 to 1 kilogram (1.1 to 2.2 pounds), depending on the materials used.
Variations and Customizations	Variations of the erhu include different sizes and materials, which can affect the instrument’s sound and playability. Customizations might include decorative inlays, different types of wood, and variations in the design of the soundbox. Some modern erhus may also feature built-in pickups for amplification.
Instrument History	The erhu has ancient origins, with a history dating back over a thousand years. It evolved from earlier bowed instruments brought to China from Central Asia. The erhu became prominent during the Song Dynasty and has since been a central instrument in Chinese music, continually evolving in design and playing techniques.
Similar Types of Instrument	Violin, Gaohu, Zhonghu
Playing Technique	The erhu is played by sitting down and placing the instrument on the left thigh. The left hand presses the strings to change the pitch, while the right hand moves the bow horizontally between the two strings. Techniques include slides, vibrato, and various bowing patterns to produce different tones and expressions.
Notable Composers	Liu Tianhua, Hua Yanjun (Blind Abing), Zhou Jiannan
Famous Works	Liu Tianhua’s “Moon Reflected on the Second Spring,” Hua Yanjun’s “The Great Wall Capriccio,” Zhou Jiannan’s “Reflection of the Moon on the Erquan Spring”
Maintenance	Regular maintenance includes cleaning the instrument, tuning the strings, and ensuring the bow hair is in good condition. The erhu should be stored in a case to protect it from dust and environmental changes. Periodic checks of the python skin and wood condition are recommended to maintain optimal sound quality.
Learning Difficulty	High; requires significant coordination to manage the bow and finger techniques simultaneously. Learning proper hand positioning, pitch control, and expressive techniques are essential for effective playing.
Prominent Players	Min Huifen, Ma Xiaohui, Chen Jiebing
Notable Performances	Notable performances include concerts by prominent erhu players at major venues and festivals worldwide, such as the Shanghai International Arts Festival and various Chinese New Year celebrations.
Famous Orchestras/Bands	Prominent ensembles featuring the erhu include the China National Traditional Orchestra, the Shanghai Chinese Orchestra, and the Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra.
Price Range	Erhus range from $100 to $2,000 or more, depending on the craftsmanship, materials, and features. Beginner models start around $100, while professional models with custom features can exceed $2,000.